The impact of shift work on metabolism supports a possible pathway to the development of obesity and its co-morbities. In conclusion, there is considerable epidemiological evidence that shift work is associated with increased risk for obesity, diabetes and CVD, perhaps as a result of physiological maladaptation to chronically sleeping and eating at abnormal circadian times. In addition, the literature shows that shift workers seem to gain weight more often than those workers submitted to a usual work day. Recently, studies showed that overweight and obesity are more prevalent in shift workers than day workers. In developing countries, this population represents a considerable contingent workforce. Shift work is extremely frequent in several services and industries, in order to systematise the needs for flexibility of the workforce, necessary to optimise productivity and business competitiveness. There was a systematic search in PubMed databases, using the following descriptors: shift work obesity biological clock.
All rights reserved.The present review has the objective of summarising chronobiological aspects of shift work and obesity. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. Because different types of IR benefit from different therapeutic approaches, we also describe different chronotherapeutic strategies to promote synchrony within and between metabolically active organs.Ĭircadian timing system eating pattern glucose insulin resistance shift work. We propose this test as a way to provide further insight into the possible desynchronization between tissue clocks. Here we summarize the most recent information on desynchronization between organs due to shift work and shifted food intake patterns and introduce the concept of phenotypic flexibility, a validated test to assess the contribution of each organ to insulin resistance (IR) in humans. We hypothesize that desynchronization between different metabolically active organs contributes to alterations in glucose homeostasis. In the healthiest situation, functional rhythms of these organs are synchronized. Glucose homeostasis is a complex process that involves multiple organs. Rodent studies have shown that eating out of phase with the endogenous clock results in desynchronization between rhythms of the central and peripheral clock systems and between rhythms of different tissue clocks (eg, liver and muscle clock). The biological clock is part of the internal circadian timing system, which controls not only the sleep/wake and feeding/fasting cycle, but also many metabolic processes in the body, including the timing of our eating behavior, and processes involved in glucose homeostasis. An accepted hypothesis is that the increased risk for metabolic health problems arises from aberrantly timed eating behavior, that is, eating out of synchrony with the biological clock. The prevalence of obesity and T2D is significantly higher in shift workers compared to people working regular hours. Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have become a global health concern.
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